From what I've been told by-way-of senior leadership, the Peakon surveys were never anonymous, and about 2-years ago changes were implemented to make these surveys less so.
Again, from what I've been told, your direct management / leadership knows what you submit for scoring and comments.
When I worked at BNY, I escalated my concerns of a mismanaged department to The People Team (when these surveys seemed useless). During this episode, I received a small win when People Team recognized my department leadership were either poorly trained for their roles or lacked the necessary experience to hold their respective positions. It was undetermined by People Team if the failures were one of both the last we spoke, but PT agreed there were concerns with department management.
Ultimately, BNY senior leadership "moved" my department management swiftly and laterally to other functions within line-of-business.
Given how BNY was "layoff happy" during 2024 and 2025, had instructed leadership to reduce staff by 10%, create questionable PIP reviews and the like... it was surprising to see senior leadership rally around failed department management.
Which leads me to believe the failures and mismanagement of business went high enough to try and cover the department melee.
So yes, the Peakon surveys at BNY and both useless and not anonymous. While People Team can make suggestions and forward information for claims of misconduct to appropriate Directors for review and investigation.