The CODA and TDP program exists to bring in new engineers. Competition for talent is very high right now. One way for a company to get talent is to bring in people and train them yourself. Over the course of the TDP program participants will learn how to actually do the job in a real world environment, but at a lower than starting engineer salary. As they train TDPs will also complete important work. Once the program is done, most TDPs will be offered a full time job with competitive salary.
What's the catch? You have to commit to CODA and 2 years as a TDP. You also learn to do things the way Capital One wants. Mostly, this is a win-win scenario. You get upskilled. What does Cap One get? If you stay after the two years Capital One gets a proven engineer, if you leave then Capital One directly influences the way other companies operate and proliferates the Capital One way. Additionally, Capital One gets goodwill for upscaling peoples' tech skills.