Unlike Kodak, which died a slow and agonizing death through a combination or poor management and reluctance to go digital, 3Ms decline mirrors GEs.
What they had in common was lousy management, but both 3M and GE were strong conglomerates that went from focusing on innovation and leadership positions in each market that they served to fanatical focus on beating next quarters earnings estimates given to them by WS.
GE got away with this in the 1990s because GE financial did so well. Other parts of GE were making money off of earlier investments in R&D but didn't have the new products coming out. They had the good reputation for product quality but even that began to deflate.
3Ms decline started when it wanted to become another GE and the darling on WS. Mcnerney was constantly on business talk shows and featured in magazines for "saving" 3M without destroying the innovation. Nope, he left for Boeing before the cr-p hit the fan. Buckley was a good leader though as someone here mentioned perhaps immoral in some ways outside of work. But the company seemed to rebound a bit.
Inge decided to mimic Mcnerney and was able to coast for years on the rich pipeline of products that got a boost by Sir George's reinvestment in R&D. He also stiff armed any activist investor attack by borrowing billions to boost the stock price so high that activists wouldn't bite. People forget that Buckley almost eliminated the debt from Mcnerney era but got no credit for it.
Mike was given a sinking ship that could have been saved (maybe) but he chose cost cutting over innovation. His one big swing for the fences was A3M. Just like Mighty Casey, he struck out and there is no joy in Mudville (Maplewood).
Maybe Jim Collins who featured 3M in Built to Last will write the obituary for both GE and 3M. He can throw in dupont too.